The man, who was aged in his 70s, was treated at the scene by first responders and emergency services before being taken to Royal Stoke University Hospital.
A second runner with suspected hyperthermia was also taken to hospital by ambulance, where he is currently receiving treatment.
A spokesperson for event organisers HS Sport said: “A runner at yesterday’s race fell ill after finishing the race and, despite the best efforts of medical staff, sadly passed away after being taken to Royal Stoke University Hospital.
“Our thoughts and heartfelt condolences are with their family, friends and loved ones at this incredibly difficult time.
“We ask that their privacy is respected as they grieve their loss.”
A spokesperson for Stoke on Trent City Council said: “We are aware of the sad death of a participant in yesterday’s Potters ‘Arf.
“All our thoughts are with his family and loved ones. We will offer whatever support we can.
“We would like to recognise the efforts of the event’s first responders and the emergency services who responded swiftly to provide treatment.”
